The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) killed, captured and displaced all 400,000 Yazidi people living in Sinjar on 3 August 2014 1, in a genocide that disproportionately affected children. About 10,000 Yazidis were killed or abducted, half of all those executed were children 2, according to a report by multi-national researchers in the journal PLoS Medicine.
Nearly all (93%) of those who eventually died on Mount Sinjar from injuries or lack of food and water were also children 3. Of the around 6,400 abducted Yazidis, it's estimated about half were children, according to the Yazidi-led nonprofit Nadia's Initiative 4. Boys as young as seven were sent to ISIS training camps and girls as young as nine were subjected to rape and sexual enslavement 5, shows a Save the Children report.
Today, about 2,700 Yazidis remain missing, including around 1,300 who were children at the time of their abduction, according to estimates from Yazda, a Yazidi advocacy group in Iraq 6. About 300 to 400 of those still missing are likely still under 18 7. So far, over 3,500 Yazidis have been rescued, including 2,000 children, according to Nadia's Initiative 8.
Behat*, 17, is still searching for his missing parents and siblings. He was aged eight when ISIS attacked his community.
"I held my brother's hands tightly and I shouted at them (ISIS) not to take him from me. I even shed tears, nonetheless he was taken away. They took him and never brought him back. I didn't see him again.
"I haven't found any information about my parents. What I want is to find out something about my mother and father.... for someone who hasn't seen their parents for 10 or 11 years, it is so difficult to remember their faces."
Ten years on, about 200,000 Yazidis remain displaced 9 from their communities in Iraq, according to the UN's International Organization for Migration (IOM). Many are still homeless, living in tents in displacement camps with little access to adequate education or healthcare.
Viyan*, 15, fled Sinjar as a toddler. She's been living in a tent in a displacement camp in Iraq for almost a decade.
"It is very difficult to live in tents in the heat. In winters, with heavy rain, the tent gets watery...Children have no place to play, they play in the streets, which are full of stray animals... Children get diseases from the dirt. Teenagers and little girls, even though they are around 10 years old, always say that they wish they were dead and didn't have to live like this.
"This tragedy and massacre that has happened to the Yazidi people, it is not forgotten and even now when we go to Sinjar, the bones have not been collected."
In Sinjar, homes and buildings remain destroyed, and streets are littered with rubble and explosive remnants of war, making it one of the most contaminated regions in Iraq with unexploded ordnance, according to aid organisation Humanity & Inclusion 10. The conflict-damaged infrastructure severely limits access to water and electricity, and there is a shortage of schools and hospitals for returning residents.
As a result, many Yazidis suffer from mental health problems, with children reporting loneliness and suicidal thoughts, according to a report by Save the Children 11.
Athaab*, 26, was aged 16 when she was kidnapped and sexually assaulted by ISIS. She's returned to Sinjar, living in a partially destroyed home with her children. Most of her family remains missing.
"I was also one of those who were captured with my whole family. They oppressed and tormented us. I couldn't find my family when I escaped from them and got back home. I have no one now.
"After I returned home, I had so many difficulties here as well. We have a shortage of many things here in Sinjar. The schools and hospitals here are...insufficient. You cannot find any of them in the villages. Whatever we have in Sinjar has no meaning if the people of Sinjar don't have a roof over their heads."
Ajwan*, 39, is searching for her missing family:
"I was captured and lost my family… They took me with my husband, son and daughters…they separated my three children from me...It is very difficult.
"We have many needs, but no services are provided to us in Sinjar. My two daughters cross the main street to go to school…the school is very far and because there is no pedestrian bridge, their lives are in danger.
"Today my mind is disturbed, and I am mentally ill…I am sick now, because we drink dirty water here, my stomach hurts. That means I need to see a doctor and a psychiatrist. I need to go somewhere to forget myself, but I don't have such a place. Although we were saved from ISIS, our spirit is still disturbed."
Sarra Ghazi, Save the Children's Country Director for Iraq, said:
"Ten years later and over 1,000 children are still missing. Families are still broken. Children have been living in tents for over a decade, with insufficient access to basic services and no means to return in a voluntary and dignified manner. Yazidi children, like all children, deserve the right to safety, security and access to education."
Save the Children is calling on international and local authorities to prioritise providing comprehensive support for Yazidi children's mental health and reintegration into society. We advocate for increased investment in education, healthcare, and safe living conditions for displaced and returned Yazidi families. Our goal is to ensure that Yazidi children, like all children, have the right to safety, security, stability and a hopeful future.
Save the Children has been working in Iraq since 1991 and is among the largest international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) supporting children, youth, and their families. Save the Children supports Yazidi families in the Duhok and Ninewa governorates with youth protection networks and activities that support children's mental health and education services.
