Athens, GA - Hydroponic food production in controlled environments has existed for decades, but the recent advances in technology and awareness of food safety in urban areas have dramatically promoted the hydroponic industry from $64 million in 1988 to $800 million in 2014.
The choice of substrates for hydroponics production is primarily based on their properties to simultaneously provide sufficient water and oxygen levels to the roots. Commonly used substrates can be divided into two groups, inorganic and organic. Inorganic substrates include unmodified natural minerals (sand, gravel, volcanic tuff, pumice), synthetic materials (polyurethane and polystyrene foam, phenolic foam, hydrogel, and felt), and processed minerals (rockwool, perlite, vermiculite, expanded clay, zeolite). Organic substrates include natural organic matter (pine sawdust, pine bark, wood chips, peatmoss, coconut coir, and rice hulls).
A multi-season study has evaluated various substrates for hydroponic arugula and lettuce cultivation, uncovering the best options to maximize yield, quality, and sustainability in year-round production. The research provides valuable guidance for growers aiming to optimize controlled-environment agriculture systems.
Substrates play a crucial role in hydroponic farming, serving as the medium for root support and nutrient uptake. This study assessed multiple substrate types over several growing seasons to determine their effects on crop growth, productivity, and overall quality.
Results revealed that certain substrates consistently outperformed others in terms of water retention, nutrient delivery, and plant development, leading to higher yields and improved crop uniformity. Additionally, the study evaluated the environmental and economic impacts of each substrate, identifying those that align with sustainable production goals.
By selecting the optimal substrates, hydroponic growers can enhance efficiency, reduce resource use, and meet consumer demand for fresh, high-quality produce throughout the year. These findings highlight the importance of substrate choice in advancing sustainable food production systems.
The full story can be found on the ASHS HortScience electronic journal website at:
https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI17606-23
Established in 1903, the American Society for Horticultural Science is recognized around the world as one of the most respected and influential professional societies for horticultural scientists. ASHS is committed to promoting and encouraging national and international interest in scientific research and education in all branches of horticulture.
Comprised of thousands of members worldwide, ASHS represents a broad cross-section of the horticultural community - scientists, educators, students, landscape and turf managers, government, extension agents and industry professionals. ASHS members focus on practices and problems in horticulture: breeding, propagation, production and management, harvesting, handling and storage, processing, marketing and use of horticultural plants and products. To learn more, visit ashs.org.
