Infections after hip replacements and from orthopaedic device procedures can be complicated and lead to painful and repeat surgeries, with the chance of 'superbugs' leading to fatality.
Now Australian researchers from Flinders University, Swinburne University of Technology and RMIT have come up with a way to give medical device surfaces new antimicrobial resistant powers to safeguard against infection as well as improve and extend the implant's possible life.
The research team created a new surface coating by adding gallium liquid metal to hydroxyapatite for a novel compound with significant long-term antibacterial properties, the scientists outline in a new publication in the American Chemical Society's ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces.
"Even with sterilisation measures, opportunistic bacteria including the rise of some resistant to antibacterial drugs can form on biofilm build-up on contact surfaces of surgical and other devices," says lead medical biotech researcher Dr Vi-Khanh ('Khanh') Truong from the Biomedical Nano-Engineering Laboratory (BNL) at Flinders University.
"Even worse, with orthopaedic devices an infection could be almost impossible to treat, particularly if it involves complications with antibiotic resistance," he says.
The new technique adds to the viability of regular hydroxyapatite-coated metallic implants, which have been known to fail and cause infection and even death in up to 2% of patients, researchers warn.
"Up to half of these infections can lead to further surgery and removal of the device - and this new coating also shows promise in integrating to the patient's bone," says Dr Truong, who will progress development of the technology with further testing at the ANSTO Australian Synchrotron later this year.
The global orthopaedic device market is forecast to rise from more than US$45 billion to $US64 billion by 2026, as the world's population continues to age.
With further testing, researchers say the technique, which uses plasma spray fabrication, could scale up for commercial applications in the future. Regulatory approvals could be simplified with both hydroxyapatite and gallium derivatives already FDA-approved compounds.
Demand for such applications - including for new-era dental or other implants which attach to bone - should be strong, given no orthopaedic implants have antimicrobial surface modifications at present, Dr Truong says.
"This novel coating is made using an environmentally friendly technology, with no harmful organic solvents used in the process," he adds.
Matthew Flinders Professor Krasimir Vasilev, director of the Biomedical Nanoengineering Laboratory, says the research group aims to provide clinicians and the biomedical industry with urgently needed new technologies to improve patient wellbeing and save lives.
"The researchers from the Biomedical Nanoengineering Laboratory at Flinders University have extensive experience in working with the biomedical industry and are always looking to engage with new industry partners to explore commercial opportunities for ground-breaking technologies that benefit patients, clinicians and society," he says.
Acknowledgements: ARC Centre for Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials, funded under the Industrial Transformation Training Centre.
The article, Antibacterial Longevity of a Novel Gallium Liquid Metal/Hydroxyapatite Composite Coating Fabricated by Plasma Spray (2022) by Duy Quang Pham, Sheeana Gangadoo, Christopher C. Berndt, James Chapman, Jiali Zhai, Krasimir Vasilev, Vi-Khanh Truong and Andrew SM Ang (2022) by has been published in ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03695
