Researchers from Tel Aviv University utilized CRISPR to cut a single gene from cancer cells of head and neck tumors - and successfully eliminated 50% of the tumors in model animals. This groundbreaking study was led by Dr. Razan Masarwy, MD, Ph.D. from the lab of Prof. Dan Peer - a global pioneer in mRNA-based drugs, Director of the Laboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, VP for Research and Development and member of the Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research - all at TAU. The findings were published in the prestigious journal Advanced Science.
A New Approach to Treating Head and Neck Cancers
"Head and neck cancers are prevalent, ranking fifth in cancer mortality", says Prof. Peer. "These are localized cancers, typically starting in the tongue, throat, or neck, which can later metastasize. If detected early, localized treatment can effectively target the tumor. We aimed to use genetic editing of a single gene expressed in this type of cancer to collapse the entire pyramid of the cancerous cell. This gene is the cancer-specific SOX2, also expressed in other types of cancer and overexpressed in these particular tumors".
Prof. Dan Peer.
Prof. Peer and his colleagues are global pioneers in developing mRNA-based drugs encased in synthetic lipid particles that mimic biological membranes. In this study, the researchers synthesized special lipids that encapsulate the delivered CRISPR system in an RNA format. An antibody targeting a receptor against a protein named EGF was attached to the surface of these particles.
"These tumors are highly targeted", explains Prof. Peer. "We targeted EGF because the cancer cells express the EGF receptor. Using our nano-lipid delivery system, we injected the drug directly into the tumor in a tumor model and successfully took out the gene - cutting it out from the cancer cell's DNA with the CRISPR 'scissors'. We were happy to observe the domino effect we had predicted. Following three injections spaced one week apart, 50% of the cancerous tumors simply disappeared after 84 days - which did not happen in the control group".
Prof. Dan Peer & research team.
TAU Pioneers CRISPR for Cancer Treatment
In 2020, Prof. Peer and his team were the first in the world to use CRISPR to cut genes from cancer cells in mice and a cell-specific manner, and this is the first time they have applied it to head and neck cancers.
"Generally, CRISPR isn't used for cancer because the assumption is that knocking out one gene wouldn't collapse the whole pyramid. In this study we demonstrated that there are some genes without which a cancer cell cannot survive, making them excellent targets for CRISPR therapy. Since cancer cells sometimes compensate with other genes, it's possible that additional genes need to be cut out, or perhaps not. Theoretically, this approach could be effective against many types of cancer cells, and we are already working on additional cancer types, including myeloma, lymphoma, and liver cancer".
This study was supported in part by the EXPERT project (European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (under grant agreement # 825828), and the Shmunis Fund for gene editing.
