The UN Secretary-General's final day in Suriname began on a small plane and ended at a podium. A 90-minute flyover from Paramaribo into the Central Suriname Nature Reserve revealed to António Guterres the astounding beauty of the Amazon but also spotlighted the threats the rainforest is facing from extraction activities and climate change.
The Reserve , a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is an immense green protected area covering around 11 percent of the national territory, is recognized for its tabletop mountains and endless biodiversity - some believed to be undiscovered - and remains for the most part inaccessible and unaffected by human activity.
From above, the rainforest canopy was painted with countless shades of green, with some treetops covered in waves of orange or even purple flowers. Along the way, the mighty Coppename River, as well as the upstream parts of the Lucie, Saramacca, and Suriname Rivers flowed by the trees in what looked like a landscape painting.
However, before reaching the protected area, the UN chief could see that Suriname's forests are seriously threatened by the activities of the mining sector and timber production, both fuelled by incentives to boost economic activities. Among the immense green cover, patches of deforestation, destructive gold mining and flooding were difficult to miss.
A moment of 'maximum peril'
Although Suriname is part of the South American continent, it is considered a Caribbean nation due to its history, culture, and the similar challenges it faces with the small island nations.
Later on Sunday, the UN chief arrived at the Assuria Event Centre in Paramaribo, to attend the opening of the 43rd Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) Conference.
Mr. Guterres's arrival was met with four distinct music and cultural performances. The short walk showcased Suriname's unique ethnic diversity, a product of its long history and Dutch colonization. Afro-Surinamese, East Indian, Indigenous natives, Chinese and Javanese descendants presented their traditional dances and folkloric sounds
At the podium, the Secretary-General highlighted the region's diversity and climate action leadership, while outlining a series of actions to be taken in the face of the planetary crisis, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and global financial challenges.
"Rich in diversity, uniting land and sea, and protecting fragile coastal ecosystems, mangroves are a fitting symbol of Caribbean nations - facing challenges, seizing opportunities, preserving natural gifts," the UN chief told the region's Heads of State and Government on Sunday, inspired by his isit to these coastal carbon-sink wonders in Paramaribo a day before.
Mr. Guterres recognized that the small island low-lying coastal states of the Caribbean are especially vulnerable to what he called "the biggest challenge facing our world today" - the climate crisis.
"The Caribbean is ground zero for the global climate emergency," he said, underlining that unfortunately, it is not the only challenge that the region is facing.
"This year's CARICOM summit comes at a moment of maximum peril - for people and planet alike," he added, referring to the devastating effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on health systems and tourism, as well as on economic growth and foreign investment, now exacerbated by the war in Ukraine.
Bold solutions
The Secretary-General told the CARICOM leaders that bold solutions were necessary to tackle these issues, highlighting three.
1. Matching climate action to the scale and urgency of the crisis
Mr. Guterres called for urgent and transformative emissions reduction to halt global warming at a 1.5C, support for adaptation from climate impacts, and financial assistance to secure resilience.
"I thank Caribbean leaders for helping to show the way. I am inspired by your many efforts to safeguard your incredible biodiversity and natural gifts, including by the efforts of the indigenous communities," he said.
He added that more ambition and climate action are needed by all, but specially the G20 who account for 80 per cent of global emissions.
"The war in Ukraine cannot lead to short-sighted decisions that shut the door on 1.5C. With the commitments presently registered, emissions are still predicted to grow by 14 per cent through 2030. This is simply suicide - and it must be reversed."
The UN chief stressed that wealthier countries need to lead the way in a just and equitable " renewables revolution ", and they need to fulfil their promise to deliver $100 billion in climate finance for adaptation starting this year.
"And it is time for a frank discussion and space for decision-making regarding the loss and damage that your countries are already experiencing," he emphasised.
2. Reforming 'a morally bankrupt' global financial system and spur sustainable recovery
The Secretary General underlined that developing economies need access to financing at no or low costs, as well as debt relief and restructuring.
"On the debt side, we need immediate relief for developing countries whose debt is about to become due," he said.
The UN chief added that he fully supports the creation of a Caribbean Resilience Fund and the reform of the international financial system to help the region better respond and prevent massive vulnerability to external shocks.
"Clearly, our old metrics have failed us. It's time to change them," Mr. Guterres said, proposing to move beyond the financial system's preoccupation with per capita income, and establishing a 'multidimensional vulnerability index' to determine access to financial support.
"For your countries, this would mean ensuring that the complex and interdependent factors of debt and climate change impact are captured in any eligibility analysis for debt relief and financing," he told the Caribbean Heads of State and Government.
3. Keep up the combat against the COVID-19 pandemic
The Secretary-General made a push for governments, organizations and pharmaceutical companies to work better together to locally produce tests, vaccines and treatments.
"We're not out of the woods yet... And we need to continue working closely together to stop the spread of the virus across the Caribbean through proven public health measures and prepare for future pandemics through bold investments in preparedness and training," he stated, and stressed that countries must never again be so unprepared.
Finally, Mr. Guterres reaffirmed the support of the United Nations to the Caribbean to work towards these solutions.
