Older adults who lack internet access are at a significantly higher risk of developing depressive symptoms, especially those with limited familial support or lower income levels, according to a new study published in Health Data Science. Conducted by an international team of researchers, this study analyzed data from five major aging cohort studies covering 24 countries, revealing a strong link between digital exclusion and mental health.
The researchers, led by Dr. Yinzi Jin from Peking University, investigated how digital exclusion—defined as the lack of internet access—affects the mental health of older adults. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA), the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), and the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS), they examined trends from 2010 to 2018 among 122,242 participants.
Their findings indicate that digital exclusion is widespread among older adults, with prevalence rates ranging from 21.1% in Denmark to 96.9% in China. More crucially, digitally excluded older adults exhibited a significantly higher likelihood of experiencing depressive symptoms across all studied cohorts. The association remained robust even after adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic factors such as age, gender, retirement status, education, household wealth, social activities, and regular contact with children.
The impact of digital exclusion was found to be most pronounced among two vulnerable groups: individuals with infrequent contact with their children and those in lower wealth quintiles. Among participants who did not maintain regular weekly contact with their children, the negative effect of digital exclusion on mental health was particularly strong. Similarly, older adults in the lowest wealth quintiles were disproportionately affected, with the most significant association observed in the CHARLS cohort in China.
"Our study highlights a pressing public health concern—older adults who lack digital access are at greater risk of depression, particularly if they also face social isolation or financial difficulties," said co-author Dr. Jingjing Wang. "Bridging the digital divide should be a priority to improve mental well-being among aging populations."
The study underscores the importance of digital inclusion as a means to enhance the mental health and quality of life for older adults. The authors advocate for policies that promote internet access and digital literacy among seniors, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where digital exclusion remains most pervasive.
"Ensuring equitable access to digital technologies is not just a technological issue but a crucial component of social well-being and mental health support for the elderly," added Dr. Yinzi Jin. "Future interventions should focus on making digital tools more accessible, affordable, and user-friendly for aging populations."
As digitalization continues to shape social interactions and access to resources, the study calls for coordinated efforts from governments, community organizations, and families to integrate older adults into the digital world. The researchers stress that addressing digital exclusion is not only a matter of convenience but a critical step toward improving mental health outcomes for the elderly worldwide.
The full study is available in Health Data Science. https://spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/hds.0218
