Engineers have invented energy-efficient bricks with scrap materials, including glass, that are normally destined for landfill.
RMIT University engineers collaborated with Visy - Australia's largest recycling company - to make bricks with a minimum of 15% waste glass and 20% combusted solid waste (ash), as substitutes for clay.
Test results indicate that using these bricks in the construction of a single-storey building could reduce household energy bills by up to 5% compared to regular bricks, due to improved insulation.
Replacing clay with waste materials in the brick production helped reduce the firing temperature by up to 20% compared with standard brick mixtures, offering potential cost savings to manufacturers.
Team leader Associate Professor Dilan Robert (third from left) with the RMIT research team behind the energy-smart bricks in a lab at RMIT University. Credit: Seamus Daniel, RMIT University
Team leader Associate Professor Dilan Robert said about 1.4 trillion bricks were used in construction projects globally every year.
"Business-as-usual brick production produces harmful emissions - including carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and chlorine - and puts a serious strain on our natural resources, particularly clay," said Dilan, from RMIT's School of Engineering.
The team's latest research is published in the international journal Construction and Building Materials.
The team can make energy-smart bricks in a range of colours. Credit: Seamus Daniel, RMIT University
Potential to make our homes and workplaces more energy efficient
The team's research showed the new bricks have enhanced energy efficiency through improved thermal performance, and met stringent structural, durability and environmental sustainability standards. The technology has met the key compliance requirement of fired clay bricks set by Standards Australia (AS 3700).
"Bricks play a key role in preventing energy loss from buildings," Robert said.
"We can also produce light-weight bricks in a range of colours from white to dark red by changing our formulations."
Dr Biplob Pramanik, the RMIT team's environmental engineer, said the new bricks were safe to use in construction projects.
"Our bricks, manufactured from industry waste, meet state environmental regulations," he said.
Waste glass that the team can use in their energy-smart bricks. Credit: Seamus Daniel, RMIT University
A "circular-economy solution" to a big waste challenge
In Victoria, Visy recycles glass packaging back into new bottles and jars. However, glass pieces smaller than 3mm - referred to as fines - cannot be recycled into bottles.
"We are focusing on scaling up the production process to facilitate the commercialisation of our innovative bricks in collaboration with brick manufacturers in Melbourne," Robert said.
Paul Andrich, Innovation Project Manager at Visy, said the company was thrilled to find a solution for material that cannot be recycled into food and beverage packaging.
"Diverting this waste into bricks with added insulation, rather than landfill, is another way we are powering the circular economy," he said.
The research team wants to collaborate with industries to explore applications of waste material in other construction products.
Combusted solid waste (ash) that the team can use in their energy-smart bricks. Credit: Seamus Daniel, RMIT University
Innovation supported by peer-reviewed research
The RMIT team has published peer-reviewed research on the brick innovation in several journals.
'Utilizing rejected contaminants from the paper recycling process in fired clay brick production' is published in Construction and Building Materials. (DOI:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.134031)
'Energy efficiency of waste reformed fired clay bricks - from manufacturing to post application' is published in the journal Energy. (DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128755)
'A viable solution for industrial waste ash: Recycling in fired clay bricks' is published in the Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. (DOI: 10.1061/JMCEE7.MTENG-15165)
'Transformation of waste-contaminated glass dust in sustainable fired clay bricks' is published in Case Studies in Construction Materials. (DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01717)
