New York, 19 December, 2024 - Women's representation in political leadership remained critically low in 2024. Only five women were elected as Heads of State out of 31 direct presidential elections held worldwide. These women leaders represent Iceland, Mexico, Namibia, North Macedonia, and the Republic of Moldova. For Mexico, Namibia, and North Macedonia, these elections were historic, as they marked the countries' first-ever women presidents. Additionally, Mexico and the United Kingdom achieved significant progress in gender equality by forming gender-equal cabinets following their respective elections, setting an important precedent for inclusive governance.
Women's representation in parliament remained stagnant at 27% in 2024. Among 39 countries with available data, 15 recorded increases in the number of women elected, while 24 experienced declines. Legislated quotas proved to be a driving force for progress; for instance, stricter enforcement in the Dominican Republic resulted in an eight-point rise in women's representation. Conversely, 12 out of 16 countries without quotas experienced declines, underscoring the pivotal role such measures play in advancing gender equality in political representation.
"This 'mega election' year has highlighted a stark truth: women's political leadership remains the exception, not the norm," said UN Women Executive Director, Sima Bahous. "Despite progress, harmful norms, violence, and insufficient political will continue to undermine women's participation. We must act decisively to make gender-equal leadership a reality."
Globally, men continue to dominate political power, with only 87 countries ever having been led by a woman. Women's participation in elections as voters, candidates, and administrators strengthens democracy worldwide.
As the world approaches the 30th anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action in 2025, Member States must invest in women's leadership by implementing and enforcing gender quotas and strategic appointments; addressing societal biases and eradicating violence against women in politics; adopting legal and policy reforms; and investing in feminist movements and coalition-building. Achieving women's full and equal leadership requires bold action, resources, and a collective commitment to transforming systems of power for a more equitable future.
