NT Health is warning Territorians and visitors to the Northern Territory (NT) to be on high alert for melioidosis, following the detection of three cases in the Greater Darwin region.
These are the first cases of melioidosis to have been acquired this wet season, with the reporting period starting on 1 October 2024.
Melioidosis bacteria live deep in the soil. Heavy rain at the start of the wet season brings the bacteria to the surface, increasing the risk of exposure.
In recent years, the number of melioidosis cases reported in the NT has increased from an average of 50. This increase may be due to the impact of La Nina weather conditions and increased heavy rainfall.
Last wet season (1 October 2023 to 30 September 2024), there were 72 cases of melioidosis and five deaths reported in the NT. This compares to 87 cases and six deaths reported during the 2022 - 2023 wet season.
Melioidosis bacteria most commonly enter the body through cuts and sores, so it is important to cover and protect your skin where possible. Wind can cause the bacteria to be blown into the air, which can then be inhaled through dust and droplets.
Melioidosis often causes lung infections presenting with fever, cough and shortness of breath. It can also affect many parts of the body causing abscesses and sores that don't heal. Most people experience the first symptoms of melioidosis one to 21 days after exposure to the bacteria.
At this time of year, health professionals in the NT are on the lookout for possible melioidosis cases, as it is important treatment is started as soon as possible.
If left untreated, melioidosis can lead to severe pneumonia and blood poisoning, with around 10 per cent of infections in the NT leading to death.
The risk of melioidosis is greater in those who may be immunocompromised by diabetes, heavy alcohol consumption (including binge drinking), kidney or lung disease, immunosuppressive therapy especially with steroids, and those with cancer or advanced age.
To protect yourself against melioidosis, it is important to:
· Wear covered waterproof footwear when outdoors
· Wear gloves while working in the garden or a soil-based environment
· Wash and cover sores and abrasions with waterproof dressings
· Wear a face mask while using high pressure hoses around soil and paths
· Stay indoors during heavy wind and rain
· Seek medical attention early.
Everyone, particularly those people with high risk factors, need to take action to protect themselves from melioidosis. Anyone concerned about having melioidosis symptoms should visit their local GP, clinic or hospital.
