Public health degree programs provide key competencies demanded by employers, but graduate employability could be improved by using more real-time data from employer job postings, according to a new study at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health. This could help public health schools and programs ensure that graduates obtain specific technical skills listed in job postings, meet current employer needs, and prepare graduates for the demands of today's labor market. The findings are published in the American Journal of Public Health.
The competencies required for the MPH curriculum are established by the Council on Education in Public Health (CEPH). Competencies are generally in alignment with current employer needs.
This the first study to use real-time data from a large-scale data set of job postings to analyze the top skills, certifications and software in demand by current employers seeking to hire Master of Public Health graduates, while comparing them with the competencies required by the accreditation body, CEPH.
"Our research revealed labor market competition for public health degree graduates, as well as certain technical skills desired by today's employers, while showing that the CEPH competencies do, in large part, match current employer demands," noted Heather Krasna, PhD, EdM, associate dean of Career and Professional Development at Columbia Mailman School.
Using a dataset of 70,343 job postings for MPH graduates from Lightcast, which collects, and analyzes millions of job postings per year, the researchers contrasted skills from the postings with CEPH competencies. They used real-time job postings data, to validate whether required competencies match employer needs, and to illustrate ongoing labor market competition for public health graduates.
Lightcast uses machine learning and natural language processing tools to deduplicate job postings, to code the job postings by occupation type, job title, company name, industry, and skills, and to provide a list of salary ranges. Lightcast assesses job postings for "sequences of words that indicate skills," and matches them to a "comprehensive taxonomy of over 32,000 skills collected from hundreds of millions of job postings, resumes, and online profiles," to categorize skills.
Employers currently seeking to hire MPH graduates are predominantly in for-profit industry, followed by academia/research, and healthcare. Only 12% of unique job postings were in government agencies, illustrating ongoing labor market competition for public health graduates from other sectors, especially from higher-paying industries like consulting, insurance and pharmaceuticals. "The job market for MPH graduates seems to continue moving towards for-profit companies such as insurance firms and healthcare, which is in alignment with other research on employment outcomes of public health graduates," said Krasna. "Public health graduates' skills are in demand in many sectors where they can make a positive impact on the public's health."
Noteworthy is that job postings from employers seeking to hire MPH graduates did not appear to prioritize diversity and inclusion, health equity, policy, advocacy, and other related skills which are required competencies by CEPH. According to Krasna there are several possible explanations for this. "It is possible that the large proportion of job postings in for-profit corporations (26%), healthcare/hospitals (14%), and academia/research (26%) and the relative scarcity of job postings in government or nonprofits (12%) as well as the skewing of job titles towards analytical, technical and epidemiological roles meant that technical and statistical skills were more in-demand than skills in community partnerships and diversity."
Even if health equity skills are not listed as the top requirements in job postings, graduates with training in health equity will bring these skills to the employers seeking a public health perspective in their workplace. "Since health equity is at the center of the Essential Public Health Services, ensuring public health graduates receive these skills is crucial, regardless of where graduates find jobs," said Krasna.
The most common titles from Lightcast Job postings collected July 2022-Feb. 2023 were Epidemiologists at 1,344 and biostatisticians at 1,323, followed by Environmental Health and Safety Specialists at 1,185.
Competencies in communications and management and applied leadership skills were considered critically important for communicating public health content.
"We believe our study is a thorough analysis on first-destination employment outcomes of public health graduates and offers valuable insights into the alignment between academic training and industry needs and complements articles on labor market competition for public health graduates," said Krasna.
Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health
