Case Western Reserve team working toward first augmented-reality heart catheterization, ablation while patient is inside an MRI
Case Western Reserve University scientists are working toward performing heart catheterization and cardiac ablation with a micro robotic device, controlled by a doctor wearing a mixed-reality headset-all while the patient is inside a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine.
Cardiac ablation is the procedure doctors use to treat heart arrhythmia, when the heart beats irregularly. Ablation is the scarring or destroying (by burning or freezing) the tissue responsible for an abnormal heart rhythm-the procedure most commonly used when drugs are ineffective.
Nearly 3 million to 6 million Americans suffer from Atrial Fibrillation (AFib), the most common form of heart arrhythmia, according to the Centers for Disease Control. About half respond to medication for the condition, but many who don't respond undergo the ablation procedure.
Currently, doctors insert a catheter, or flexible tube, through a vein or artery in the groin and thread it up to the heart. They view the heart tissue and perform the ablation with an X-Ray of the heart, which provides only a very hazy image of the organ.
The images obtained by an MRI, however, reveal the contours of soft tissue in far more detail, said lead researcher M. Cenk Cavusoglu, a professor of electrical engineering and director of the Medical Robotics and Computer Integrated Surgery (MeRCIS) Lab at the Case School of Engineering (CSE).
So, if Cavusoglu and collaborators from Case Western Reserve School of Medicine and University of Michigan are successful, a doctor watching the patient through a mixed-reality headset would someday be able to better visualize the soft tissue of the heart and "simply point and click" to the precise spot on the heart and watch the robotic "arm" inside the heart do the work.
Cavusoglu said their goal is to increase the effectiveness of the treatment-meaning that it corrects the arrhythmia without recurrence-from the current level of between 50 to 70%, to more than 90%.
"This is the gold standard for visualizing the organ compared to an X-Ray, where the heart looks like a big blob," Cavusoglu said. "In an MRI, a physician can see with crystal clarity and do a targeted hit."
Engineering, medical collaboration
Cavusoglu is collaborating with Mark Griswold, professor of radiology from the Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, and former bioengineering colleague Nicole Seiberlich, now with the University of Michigan. Griswold, who has an international reputation for pioneering biomedical imaging research, is also director of the Interactive Commons, a campus-wide institute that develops collaborative applications to communicate and visualize information in new ways, including Microsoft's HoloLens.
The team, led by Cavusoglu, received a four-year, $2.7 million National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant for the project.
"This would be the first in the heart, real-time imaging, robotic catheter," Cavusoglu said. "Others are doing image-guided biopsies inside the MRI, but this would be a first for a heart procedure."
For now, the team is working on developing and integrating the various technologies to validate the developed system by the end of the NIH grant, Cavusoglu said, "so that everything will be in place for human trials."
Cavusoglu said he and Griswold had previously collaborated on related projects, establishing what he called the "enabling technologies" that made the current work possible.
"Not only are we using real-time MRI scans to provide better images of the body than conventional X-ray imaging," Griswold said, "we're also using the magnetic field itself to robotically move the catheter and mixed-reality to visualize the results. This is the kind of project that could really change the way we do clinical treatments going forward."
