'Licence to Clear,' a new Greenpeace International report urges national and provincial governments to seize a fleeting opportunity to intervene in a vast area slated for deforestation for palm oil in Papua Province. Since 2000, forest estate land released for plantations in Papua Province has totalled almost a million hectares - an area almost twice the size of the island of Bali. [1] It will be nearly impossible for Indonesia to meet its commitments in the Paris Agreement if the estimated 71.2 million tonnes of forest carbon stored in the plantation concession lands targeted for clearing in Papua Province are released. [2] The majority of this forest remains intact for now, so reversing this move by providing permanent protection for uncleared forest areas and recognizing customary land rights could be Indonesia's banner moment to take to the UN Conference of Parties later this year.
The report found systematic violations of permitting regulations as plantations were pushed into forest areas. To make matters worse, forest and peatland protection measures introduced by the national government - such as the Forest Moratorium and the Oil Palm Moratorium - have not yielded the reforms promised and are hamstrung by poor implementation and a lack of enforceability. In fact, the government can take very little credit for Indonesia's recent fall in deforestation. Instead, it is market dynamics, including the demands of consumers responding to biodiversity loss, fires and human rights abuses for palm oil, that are largely responsible for the decrease. Unfortunately, with palm oil prices surging and plantation groups holding massive uncleared forest land banks in West Papua, a disaster is poised to unfold.
The pandemic has only worsened the situation as the government introduced the controversial Omnibus Law on Job Creation - designed by oligarchic interests to dismantle environment and labor protections. On top of that, it made no progress on the recognition of Indigenous rights. To date, no Indigenous communities in West Papua have managed to obtain formal legal recognition and protection of their land as Indigenous Forest (hutan adat). Instead, they've seen their land handed to companies without their free and prior informed consent.
Kiki Taufik, Global Head of the Indonesia forests campaign at Greenpeace Southeast Asia said:
"Systemic forestry reforms have not materialised despite the opportunities presented by a decade-long forest moratorium and the international forest protection money already provided, with substantially more on offer. Before further funds are released, international partners and donors must establish clear and strict criteria that prioritize full transparency as a precondition. This would ensure that they are supporting effective implementation of Indonesia's efforts to achieve good forest management and avoid a worsening climate crisis.
"Our investigation found strong relations and overlapping interests between Indonesian political elites and plantation companies in Papua Province. Former cabinet ministers, members of the House of Representatives, influential members of political parties and retired high-ranking military and police officers have all been identified as shareholders or board members of plantation companies featured in the report's case studies. This allows for a culture where legislation and policy making are distorted and law enforcement is weakened. Despite the promise of a palm oil permit review, companies still hold permits over primary forest areas and peatland which had their protection removed and not a single area appears to have been taken back into the forest estate."
In late February, a permit review team headed by the Governor of Papua Barat Province recommended over a dozen plantation licences be revoked, and the forest areas instead to be managed sustainably by their Indigenous owners. [3] If the leadership of neighboring Papua Province takes a similarly bold stand, and the national government lends support to both provinces, then West Papua's priceless forests could avoid the decimation which has befallen forests elsewhere in Indonesia.
Full report can be found here
Notes:
[1] The forest area released for plantations is 951,771 ha; Bali has an area of 578,000 ha.
[2] This figure is almost half the annual carbon emissions of international aviation during 2018 (source).
[3] Joint Press Release by Papua Barat Province and Corruption Eradication Commission
