There is no significant difference in the effectiveness of how autistic and non-autistic people communicate, according to a new study, challenging the stereotype that autistic people struggle to connect with others.
The findings suggest that social difficulties often faced by autistic people are more about differences in how autistic and non-autistic people communicate, rather than a lack of social ability in autistic individuals, experts say.
Researchers hope the results of the study will help reduce the stigma surrounding autism, and lead to more effective communication support for autistic people.
Autism is a lifelong neurodivergence and disability, and influences how people experience and interact with the world.
Autistic people often communicate more directly and may struggle with reading social cues and body language, leading to differences in how they engage in conversation compared to non-autistic people.
The study, which involved an international collaboration between the University of Nottingham, University of Edinburgh and University of Texas at Dallas, tested how effectively information was passed between 311 autistic and non-autistic people.
Participants were tested in groups where everyone was autistic, everyone was non-autistic, or a combination of both.
The first person in the group heard a story from the researcher, then passed it along to the next person. Each person had to remember and repeat the story, and the last person in the chain recalled the story aloud.
The amount of information passed on at each point in the chain was scored to discern how effective participants were at sharing the story. Researchers found there were no differences between autistic, non-autistic, and mixed groups.
After the task, participants rated how much they enjoyed the interaction with the other participants, based on how friendly, easy, or awkward the exchange was.
Researchers found that non-autistic people preferred interacting with others like themselves, and autistic people preferred learning from fellow autistic individuals. This is likely down to the different ways that autistic and non-autistic people communicate, experts say.
The findings confirm similar findings from a previous smaller study undertaken by the same researchers. They say the new evidence should lead to increased understanding of autistic communication styles as a difference, not a deficiency.
It has been incredible to be part of such a large international research team investigating such an important topic. These research findings challenge previous assumptions of autistic communication being deficit, and show that although communication may differ in autism, it can still be just as effective. This will hopefully help to promote a more neuro-affirmative mindset in society, leading to greater acceptance and opportunities for autistic individuals.
The study is published in Nature Human Behaviour: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-025-02163-z [URL will become active after embargo lifts]. It was funded by the Templeton World Charity Foundation. It also involved researchers from the University of Texas at Dallas, the University of Nottingham, and the University of Glasgow.
