Researchers from our top-rated Biosciences department in collaboration with the British Trust for Ornithology (BTO), have conducted a study to understand the challenges faced by migratory birds across Europe and Africa.
The study found that many species lack consistent protection during their long journeys, leading to population declines.
Role of protected areas
The research focused on 30 bird species, tracking their movements to assess whether they had access to protected habitats at crucial stages of their migration.
It revealed that while some areas provide strong protections, key stopover sites and wintering grounds often fail to meet the needs of these birds.
Many migratory birds, including the Turtle Dove, Cuckoo, and Nightingale, have suffered sharp declines over the years.
Habitat destruction, climate change, pollution, and hunting have all played a role in their decreasing numbers.
The study highlights that species whose migration routes do not align with protected areas are the ones declining the fastest.
Researchers stress that while global conservation efforts are increasing, more needs to be done to connect protected areas along migration routes.
The international '30x30' target, which aims to conserve 30% of Earth's land and seas by 2030, is a step in the right direction. However, without strategic planning to include migratory pathways, birds will continue to struggle.
Solutions for the future
The study suggests practical solutions such as temporary conservation measures, seasonal hunting bans, and improved habitat management during peak migration periods.
Researchers believe that by identifying critical weeks when birds are most vulnerable, conservationists can implement targeted protections.
Dr Jennifer Border, Senior Research Ecologist at BTO, emphasised: "By better understanding each migratory species' requirements at all stages of their lifecycle, we can hope to implement practical protection for key sites at peak periods of their journey."
Professor Stephen Willis from our Biosciences department added: "Migratory bird species have been declining more rapidly than resident species for several decades. It is vital to understand the drivers of these declines, to allow action to allow populations to stabilise and recover."
This research offers a roadmap for future conservation efforts, helping to ensure that migratory birds receive the protection they need throughout their entire journey.
