Vera Cooper Rubin, M.S. '51, a pathbreaking astronomer whose life's work included procuring the scientific evidence to prove the existence of dark matter, is being featured on the 2025 batch of the American Women Quarters Program.
According to Cornell history expert Corey Ryan Earle '07, Rubin is believed to be the first Cornellian ever depicted on a circulating U.S. coin.
Vera Cooper Rubin, M.S. '51
The program, which the U.S. Mint launched in 2022 in partnership with the Smithsonian American Women's History Museum, has honored five women annually with individual designs on the reverse side of the quarter.
Past honorees include poet Maya Angelou, pilot Bessie Coleman, musician Celia Cruz, astronaut Sally Ride, former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, surgeon Dr. Mary Edwards Walker and early film star Anna May Wong.
Rubin's fellow honorees for 2025 - the program's final year - are athlete Althea Gibson, Girl Scouts founder Juliette Gordon Low, disabilities activist Stacey Park Milbern, and journalist and suffragist Ida B. Wells.
The five designs will be circulated throughout the country over the next several months.
"Being featured on a U.S. quarter is a big deal," says Jay Beeton '70, B.S. '71, former director of the American Numismatic Association's Money Museum in Colorado Springs, Colorado. "That's an honor largely reserved for U.S. presidents, or iconic images."
And, he said, prior to the launch of the quarters program in 2022, only three women - Susan B. Anthony, Helen Keller and Sacagawea - had ever been featured on circulating (non-commemorative) coins.
The "Standing Liberty" quarter, produced from 1916-30, did depict a female figure, albeit allegorical. As Earle said, it has its own Cornell connection: It was designed by Hermon Atkins MacNeil, who taught industrial arts at Cornell in the 1880s and sculpted the Ezra Cornell statue on the Arts Quad.
Vera Rubin quarter
The 2025 quarter also means that Rubin "becomes the only astronomer ever featured on a U.S. circulating coin. What an amazing honor," Beeton said.
Rubin, who died in 2016 at age 88, faced pervasive sexism and initial dismissals of her research. But she gathered decades of data on the unseen material that binds galaxies and governs their rotation - and which is believed to make up more than 80% of the universe's mass.
In 1985, the body of work she presented to the International Astronomical Union fundamentally shifted scientific conceptions of the universe and opened new directions for research in both astronomy and physics.
She went on to win both the U.S. National Medal of Science - awarded by President Bill Clinton in 1993 - and the Gold Medal from the U.K.'s Royal Astronomical Society.
"There is no problem in science that can be solved by a man," Rubin once wrote, "that cannot be solved by a woman."
Joe Wilensky is a senior editor for Cornellians.
