A "clear and significant" language barrier cost faced by non-native English-speaking scientists has been quantified by a University of Queensland-led international survey.
The study, led by UQ's Dr Tatsuya Amano, surveyed 908 environmental science researchers on scientific activities across five categories – paper reading, writing, publication, dissemination, and conference participation – finding a substantial disadvantage for non-native English speakers in all five.
"Compared to native English speakers, non-native English speakers need up to twice as much time to conduct each of these activities," Dr Amano said.
"Their papers are also rejected two-and-a-half times more and requested to be revised twelve-and-a-half times more.
"These challenges put non-native English speakers at a particularly significant disadvantage, as paper publication is already quite a stressful process for many.
"We were also surprised to find one-third give up attending, and half give up presenting at, international conferences just because they aren't confident in English communication.
"Conferences provide important opportunities to develop your research network, so this language barrier is causing many promising careers to stagnate."
Researchers are concerned that these barriers have been driving many non-native English speakers to drop out of scientific careers at an early stage.
"This is a serious problem in academia in terms of equity, but also an immense loss to scientific communities," Dr Amano said.
"We are potentially losing a huge contribution to science from a massive number of people, simply because their first language isn't English."
Researchers say unlocking the potential of disadvantaged communities is one of the urgent challenges in science today.
"We already know that collaboration involving a diverse group of people can better solve problems and deliver higher levels of scientific innovation and impacts," Dr Amano said.
"As we face down several global issues, such as biodiversity and climate crises, the need to tap into a diversity of people, views, knowledge systems, and solutions is more important than ever."
As part of the study, the internationally collaborative project outlined several ways the scientific community can help resolve the mounting problem.
"Anyone can do a wide range of things to support non-native English speakers – if you're a supervisor, you should acknowledge these disadvantages and provide financial, logistical, and mental support," Dr Amano said.
"While many institutions provide training opportunities, they should be more diligent in accounting for these disadvantages when evaluating the performance of non-native English speakers.
"As the gatekeepers of science, many journals should also be doing more to proactively tackle this issue, for example, by providing free language editing support and more broadly supporting the multilingualisation of science.
"For ages, being fluent in English has been the ticket to the world of academia.
"We need to move away from this old view so that anyone, anywhere in the world can thrive and shine in academia."
The research is published in PLOS Biology.
