A dog learns to sit on command, a person hears and eventually tunes out the hum of a washing machine while reading … The capacity to learn and adapt is central to evolution and, indeed, survival.
Habituation - adaptation's less-glamorous sibling - involves the lessening response to a stimulus after repeated exposure. Think the need for a third espresso to maintain the same level of concentration you once achieved with a single shot.
Up until recently, habituation - a simple form of learning - was deemed the exclusive domain of complex organisms with brains and nervous systems, such as worms, insects, birds, and mammals.
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