University of Queensland-led research has found people on the autism spectrum are almost 3 times more likely to die by suicide compared to non-autistic people.
Dr Damian Santomauro from UQ's School of Public Health and the Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research led a team which conducted a systematic review of nearly 1500 international research papers.
"We aimed to quantify the risk, mortality and burden of suicide among people on the autism spectrum," Dr Santomauro said.
"There were several alarming findings in this study, including the fact people on the autism spectrum but without intellectual disability were more than 5 times more likely to die by suicide compared to people not on the autism spectrum.
"In 2021, the total years of life lost to the increased risk of suicide in the autistic community exceeded those lost to cocaine use, rabies or testicular cancer across the total global population.
"And almost 2 per cent of all suicide deaths globally in 2021 could have been avoided if the risk for death by suicide for autistic people was not elevated."
Dr Santomauro said there were likely many reasons for the higher associated risk.
"People on the autism spectrum often experience bullying, social rejection, stigma and discrimination - all risk factors for depressive disorders," he said.
"There can also be other challenges for autistic people that impact their educational progress, employment, independent living and peer relationships."
Dr Santomauro said the findings showed a critical need for interventions and prevention strategies.
"Measures to reduce risk factors for suicide among autistic people would substantially reduce the fatal burden of suicides globally and the health burden experienced by people on the autism spectrum," he said.
"Studies like this one are important, to get an idea of how issues impact people on the autism spectrum.
"Without these estimates there would be no gauge for policy makers or service providers on the mortality and burden of suicide for autistic people."
The study also involved researchers from Deakin University, La Trobe University, the University of Leicester, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation and the University of Washington.
The study was published in Psychiatry Research.
If you or anyone you know needs support, please contact:
- Suicide Call Back Service - 1300 659 467
- Lifeline - 13 11 14
- Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander crisis support line 13YARN - 13 92 76
- Kids Helpline - 1800 551 800
- Beyond Blue - 1300 224 636
- Headspace - 1800 650 890
- ReachOut - au.reachout.com
- MensLine Australia - 1300 789 978
- QLife - 1800 184 527
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