In the intricate landscapes of karst regions, the subtle interplay of slopes, soils, and microclimates is shaping the survival of plant species. A new study published in Forest Ecosystems has revealed how the unique structure of dolines—topographic depressions—supports unparalleled biodiversity, offering critical insights for conservation efforts in microrefugia.
Microrefugia, often described as "safe havens," are ecological niches where species can thrive amidst broader environmental changes. Researchers from the University of Szeged and collaborating institutions explored the role of dolines in two Hungarian karst regions—the Aggtelek Karst and the Mecsek Mountains. The study focused on how topographic complexity affects the functional and phylogenetic diversity of plant communities.
To unravel the ecological dynamics, the team analyzed plant communities across 30 dolines. Over 180 locations were meticulously studied to capture the full spectrum of plant traits, such as height, leaf area, seed mass, and flowering duration. Their findings confirmed that dolines act as biodiversity hotspots. The doline bottoms, in particular, exhibited the highest functional and phylogenetic diversity.
"Our results show that dolines are ecological powerhouses," said Kata Frei, the project leader, "The cool, moist conditions at doline bottoms create a microclimate that's ideal for sustaining both ancient and contemporary species."
The study emphasizes the importance of conserving these natural refugia. The researchers argue that dolines provide resilience against environmental and anthropogenic stressors by supporting adaptive plant communities. This underscores their potential as a model for managing ecosystems under the pressures of climate change.
"Microrefugia like dolines are not just relics of the past; they are crucial for the future of conservation," said Frei. "By preserving these unique landscapes, we safeguard the evolutionary potential of entire plant communities."
The study's findings pave the way for targeted conservation strategies. Protecting dolines means accounting for their unique topography and the complex interactions they foster. Measures such as limiting human disturbance, maintaining natural forest canopies, and monitoring microclimatic changes are recommended.
This study not only enriches our understanding of eco-evolutionary processes but also highlights the urgent need for empirical research to inform conservation strategies for these unique landscapes.
Funding
This research was funded by the National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH FK 142428 grant). The contribution of Z.B. was supported by the János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and by the New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Culture and Innovation from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund (ÚNKP-23-5-SZTE-697). K.F. was supported by the New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Culture and Innovation from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund (ÚNKP-23-3-SZTE-441). C.T. was supported by the NKFIH K 146137 grant. A.E-V. was supported by the long-term research development project of the Czech Academy of Sciences (RVO 67985939).
