A University of Queensland study has revealed that carbon capture and storage (CCS) could be a real option for Queensland.
The release of this study is particularly timely, with the Australian Government recently flagging a role for CCS in its technology investment roadmap to deepen cuts to Australia's carbon emissions.
The UQ study scoped establishment of a large-scale CCS hub in southern Queensland and has unearthed real promise for CCS as a way of significantly reducing carbon emissions over the next 40 years or more.
Researchers found an annual 13 million tonne emission cut, or the equivalent of taking 2.8 million cars off the road each year, might be achieved by retrofitting our most modern existing baseload power plants.
Director of the research project, UQ Professor Andrew Garnett, said the scheme would need to commence almost immediately in order to reach its full potential, but that it could comprise a number of incremental investments to avoid a large 'all or nothing' approach.
"Carbon capture and storage may be essential to buy us the significant amount of time required to develop reliable, affordable, low-carbon, baseload power and other decarbonisation technologies," Professor Garnett said.
"This would allow us to continue to provide energy, while creating new employment and prolonging existing jobs in regional communities."
CCS involves capturing carbon from power stations, transporting it by pipeline and safely storing it more than 2.3 kilometres underground.
The world's peak energy body, the International Energy Agency, and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change believe that CCS technology is one of the critical tools to ensure global emission reductions are met over the next several decades.
"We are seeing an inexorable growth in global population and increased demand for food, water and energy, leading to greater urbanisation and spiralling emissions, yet new energy technologies such as renewables, grid-scale batteries or hydrogen are not yet ready to replace coal and gas in power generation," Professor Garnett said.
"Realistically, development of renewables at the scale needed to replace coal and gas in power generation is many decades away. To keep the lights on while driving emissions down during this transition will take a complex, dynamic and changing energy mix over the next 40 plus years.
"There is no single, magic bullet for decarbonising the electricity supply - we will need renewables and energy storage and a clever mix of existing energies to reduce the carbon intensity of baseload.
"Therefore, the option of carbon capture and storage should be seen as a critically important and material opportunity to make an orderly transition to a low-emission power generation mix."
This study shows that deep emission cuts might be achieved by establishing a large-scale CCS 'Hub' scheme built around, for example but not limited to, retrofitting existing modern, supercritical coal power plants in Queensland, including Millmerran, Kogan Creek and possibly Tarong North.
These are in close proximity to the areas notionally identified for their storage potential in the deepest part of the Surat Basin.
Professor Garnett said the sooner that CCS was realised in the lifespan of these power stations - currently about 35 years - the greater the impact of the initiative.
He estimates three to four years might be required to confirm the option as feasible, then another few years to set up the commercial venture and finalise engineering. This could be followed by a phased, sequential build-out in several stages over several years, maintaining a steady, regional employment stream while significantly cutting emissions.
"The next steps would be to gather more field data, consult with communities, carry out regulatory investigations and conduct a full feasibility study," he said.
"It's conceivable that commercial scale, meaning of a scale which creates deep emissions cuts, capture and storage could commence around 2030, but we'd need to start the process now."
A full list of reports can be found at the UQ Centre for Natural Gas' website.
This report was prepared for The University of Queensland Surat Deep Aquifer Appraisal Project, a 3-year $5.5 million project funded by the Australian Government through the Carbon Capture and Storage Research Development and Demonstration (CCS RD&D) programme, by Coal 21 and The University of Queensland.
