The English Premier League should immediately adopt and implement human rights policies that would prohibit governments implicated in grave human rights abuses from securing stakes in Premier League clubs to whitewash their reputations, Human Rights Watch said today. The ban should be extended to state entities that they control, abusive state leaders, and individuals funding or otherwise assisting in serious abuses.
On March 14, 2022, media reported that a consortium led by a Saudi media group closely connected to the Saudi government had expressed interest in purchasing Chelsea Football Club. This reinforces the urgent need for the Premier League to adopt policies to protect clubs and their supporters, before any sale takes place, from being implicated in efforts to whitewash rights abuses. The Premier League's approval of the sale of Newcastle United to a business consortium led by the Saudi Arabia's Public Investment Fund (PIF), a government-controlled entity implicated in serious human rights abuses, was conducted in an opaque manner and without any human rights policy in place. The Premier League should reconsider the approval of the Newcastle United sale.
"Allowing Newcastle United to be sold to a business consortium led by Saudi Arabia's sovereign wealth fund, an institution chaired by a state leader linked to human rights abuses, has exposed the farcical inadequacies of the Premier League's Owners and Directors Test," said Yasmine Ahmed, UK advocacy director at Human Rights Watch. "As another consortium with Saudi government links eyes acquiring Chelsea, the Premier League should move fast to protect the league and its clubs from being a fast-track option for dictators and kleptocrats to whitewash their reputations."
Human Rights Watch wrote to the Premier League CEO, Richard Masters, on March 15, to express concerns over the Newcastle United decision and to raise further concerns about the involvement of Saudi Arabia's Public Investment Fund in facilitating human rights abuses.
The October 7, 2021 Premier League statement announcing the sale said that the league had "received legally binding assurances that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia will not control Newcastle United Football Club." The league did not disclose what these assurances were, nor explain how they would be legally binding. Instead, the Premier League appears to have acquiesced to the notion that the Public Investment Fund is separate from the Saudi state, even though its chairman is the de facto Saudi ruler, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, its board members are nearly all currently serving ministers and other high-level officials, and it is a sovereign wealth fund that reports to the government's Council of Economic and Development Affairs.
Human Rights Watch previously wrote to the Premier League in June 2020, outlining serious abuses by Saudi authorities after Mohammed bin Salman ousted his rival, Mohammed bin Nayef, in 2017. He took full control of the country's security forces, which have been responsible for mass arrests, property confiscation without due process, torture, and unlawful attacks in neighboring Yemen that killed civilians, which he also oversaw as the Saudi defense minister since 2015.
Human Rights Watch has significant concerns around the role of the investment fund itself in facilitating human rights abuses. Human Rights Watch wrote to the fund's governor, Yasir al-Rumayyan, who, according to a LinkedIn page attributed to al-Rumayyan and various media reports, was managing director of the fund between 2015 and 2019, on December 21, 2021, and again on March 15 requesting his response to allegations of serious human rights violations associated with the fund. He has not responded. Al-Rumayyan is also Newcastle United's new nonexecutive chairman.
Human Rights Watch has reviewed internal Saudi government documents submitted to a Canadian court as part of an ongoing legal claim filed by a group of Saudi companies against a former intelligence official. The documents showed that in 2017, one of Mohammed bin Salman's advisers ordered al-Rumayyan, then the fund's "supervisor," to transfer 20 companies into the fund as part of an anti-corruption campaign. There is a risk that these companies were "transferred" from their owners without due process.
Human Rights Watch reported extensively on the November 2017 corruption crackdown, which included detaining dozens of prominent businessmen, royal family members, and current and former officials. The authorities pressured them to hand over assets in exchange for their release outside of any recognizable legal process. Some of them remain in detention without charge.
The Saudi documents also indicated that one of the companies transferred was Sky Prime Aviation, a charter jet company that owned the two planes used in 2018 by Saudi agents to travel to Istanbul, where they murdered the prominent journalist Jamal Khashoggi. In February 2021, the CIA released a report assessing that Mohammed bin Salman had approved the operation. A June 2019 UN report by its then-special rapporteur on extrajudicial killings, Agnes Callamard, stated that the planes were indeed owned by Sky Prime Aviation, based on flight records from the European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation.
In late January 2022, following the sale of Newcastle United to the PIF, the New York Times reported that a Saudi plane transported Newcastle United players and staff to Saudi Arabia for winter workouts. The plane was operated by a Saudi company, Alpha Star, which court documents show al-Rumayyan was also ordered to transfer into the fund. Both companies have been subsidiaries of Tahakom Investments Company before and after the fund acquired the parent company. A photo of the plane posted by the Newcastle United's Twitter account on January 24 clearly shows the Alpha Star aircraft livery.
The Premier League has a responsibility to respect human rights throughout all its operations. The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights sets out these responsibilities, including the expectation that businesses will adopt specific policies and conduct due diligence to identify any risks of contributing to human rights harm. Such harm may include conferring reputational benefits that help cover up human rights abuses. The Premier League's handbook does not include human rights under its "owners and directors test," even though ownership of prominent football clubs by state entities or individuals close to state leaders is on the rise throughout Europe. This gap has allowed Saudi Arabia to employ its "sportswashing" strategy in the Premier League.
On March 3, the Premier League said it was considering adding a human rights component to its owners' and directors' test as it reviews its governance and regulations, and Masters told the Financial Times that this had come under "a lot of scrutiny" and league officials were looking to see if "we need to be more transparent and whether those decisions should be approved by an independent body." The Premier League should also investigate the allegations of involvement of the fund's and al-Rumayyan's involvement in abuses, including Khashoggi's murder, and publish its findings.
Potential purchase of Chelsea FC by Saudi-led consortium
The Saudi-led consortium that has reportedly made a £2.7bn bid to purchase Chelsea is being spearheaded by the Saudi Research and Media Group (SRMG), one of the largest publishing companies in Middle East, headed by a prominent Saudi media executive, Mohammed al Khereiji. The company owns more than 30 media outlets including Asharq Al-Awsat, Asharq News, and Arab News - media outlets with an apparently pro-Saudi government bias - and has its headquarters in Saudi Arabia where there are almost no independent media. Al- Khereiji is the only name mentioned in any reports regarding the Chelsea bid, and it is unclear who else is involved in the consortium.
While the media company has reportedly gone out of its way to deny any direct links to the Saudi government, it has repeatedly been reported that the group has longstanding close ties to former and current Saudi rulers. Between 2002 and 2015, three of King Salman's sons chaired it. The position was then filled by Prince Badr bin Abdullah bin Mohammed bin Farhan, who is reported to have close ties to Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, until 2018, when he was appointed culture minister. Prince Bader is also chairman of the Misk Art Institute, a subsidiary of the crown prince's non-profit Misk Foundation.
In 2020, Al-Khereiji who holds several high-level positions, was appointed board chairman of MBC Media Solutions, a commercial advertising and sales unit created in partnership between MBC Group, a media conglomerate owned by the Saudi government, and Engineer Holding Group (EGH), the media company's parent company which al-Khereiji also heads.
Given how closely connected the media company is to Saudi state-controlled entities, how little independence the Saudi-based media outlets under its control have, and how much influence it wields - it claims it has a combined monthly reach of 165 million - it contributes heavily to promoting the image of the Saudi government.
"The Saudi government has gone all-out in the past years to bury its human rights abuses under public spectacles and sporting events," Ahmed said. "Until there is real accountability for these abuses by the Saudi leadership, those silently benefiting from the kingdom's largess risk being an accomplice in whitewashing their crimes."
